What is the purpose of protective relays in switchgear?

Protective relays serve a critical role in switchgear systems by detecting fault conditions and facilitating the disconnection of circuits. Their main purpose is to enhance the safety and reliability of electrical systems by preventing damage during abnormal conditions, such as short circuits or overloads.

When a fault occurs, protective relays sense the electrical anomalies and initiate a command to open circuit breakers, effectively isolating the malfunctioning section of the system from the rest. This action helps to maintain system stability and minimizes the risk of fire, equipment damage, or injury to personnel. By swiftly responding to faults, relays help in protecting not only the affected equipment but also other parts of the electrical network.

The other provided options, while related to electrical systems, do not accurately represent the primary function of protective relays. Amplifying load current, regulating frequency, and distributing power are distinct functions that do not involve the protective mechanisms that relays provide in fault conditions.